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Recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China: the implication of molecular epidemiology

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0609-5

摘要：

Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an ongoing concern in China. The national scale-up of the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) program has accelerated the fight against TB in China. Nevertheless, many challenges still remain, including the spread of drug-resistant strains, high disease burden in rural areas, and enormous rural-to-urban migrations. Whether incident active TB represents recent transmission or endogenous reactivation has helped to prioritize the strategies for TB control. Evidence from molecular epidemiology studies has delineated the recent transmission of ( ) strains in many settings. However, the transmission patterns of TB in most areas of China are still not clear. Studies carried out to date could not capture the real burden of recent transmission of the disease in China because of the retrospective study design, incomplete sampling, and use of low-resolution genotyping methods. We reviewed the implementations of molecular epidemiology of TB in China, the estimated disease burden due to recent transmission of strains, the primary transmission of drug-resistant TB, and the evaluation of a feasible genotyping method of strains in circulation.

关键词： tuberculosis     recent transmission     molecular epidemiology     China    

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The epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in China: disease burden and distribution of genotypes

Honglu Zhou, Songmei Wang, Lorenz von Seidlein, Xuanyi Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0733-5

摘要： With the improvements of sanitation and nationwide safe water supply the occurrence of bacterial diarrhea declined remarkably, while viruses became the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Of these viruses, noroviruses (NoVs) are responsible for a considerable burden of gastroenteritis, especially in children<2 years and elderly≥65 years. NoVs circulating in the Chinese population are antigenically highly diverse with the genotype GII.4 being the dominant strain followed by GII.3. Given the widespread contamination in environmental sources, and highly infectious nature of NoVs, vaccination would be the desirable strategy for the control of NoV infections. However, a better understanding of acquired immunity after infection, and a reliable immunological surrogate marker are urgently needed, since two vaccine candidates based on virus-like particles (VLPs) are currently moving into clinical evaluations in China.

关键词： molecular epidemiology     norovirus     disease burden     genotype     China    

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Improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer: insights from epidemiology, genomic alterations, and therapeutic

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1050-6

摘要： Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its late diagnosis and aggressive progression, poses a substantial challenge owing to scarce treatment alternatives. This review endeavors to furnish a holistic insight into pancreatic cancer, encompassing its epidemiology, genomic characterization, risk factors, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and treatment resistance mechanisms. We delve into identifying risk factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, and explore recent research advancements in precursor lesions and molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we highlight the development and application of multi-omics approaches in pancreatic cancer research and discuss the latest combinations of pancreatic cancer biomarkers and their efficacy. We also dissect the primary mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in this malignancy, illustrating the latest therapeutic options and advancements in the field. Conclusively, we accentuate the urgent demand for more extensive research to enhance the prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients.

关键词： pancreatic cancer     cancer screening     single cell     molecular alterations     precancerous lesion     therapy resistance    

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新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述 Review

Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第1期   页码 10-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.010

摘要：

犬新孢子虫（Neospora caninum）是一种囊肿形成的原生动物寄生虫，它是世界范围内牛的流产和新生儿死亡的主要原因。犬新孢子虫具有广泛的中间宿主范围，其有性繁殖只在犬科动物中发生。另一种新孢子虫——休斯新孢子虫也已经被发现，它能导致马的脑髓炎。虽然分子流行病学研究尚处于起步阶段，但核糖体小亚单位RNA（small subunit ribosomal RNA, ssuRNA）和犬新孢子虫物种特异性DNA探针（pNc5）中的18S rRNA和ITS1区域已被广泛应用于区分新孢子虫和其他密切相关的顶复门寄生虫。虽然这些重复区域比管家或抗原基因具有更高的敏感性和特异性，但它们具有较低的区分能力，无法捕捉物种内部的多样性。同样，尽管多个小卫星或微卫星标记研究显示了新孢子虫体内清晰的地理亚结构，但由于不同等位基因的大小在微卫星位点上趋同（称为同形质），虫株往往被错误分类。只有一株名为N. caninum Liverpool（Nc-Liv）的虫株被进行基因组测序，并与其近亲弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）进行了比较。因此，需要基于全世界多个虫株的全基因组序列进行详细的群体基因组学研究，以便更好地了解新孢子虫目前的种群遗传结构，最终
确定能够更有效对抗牛新孢子虫病的疫苗候选者。本文的目的是概述我们目前对新孢子虫的分子流行病学和基因组学的理解，并将其与密切相关的顶复门寄生虫哈蒙球虫和弓形虫结合起来。

关键词： 新孢子虫病，分子流行病学，群体遗传学，基因组学，宿主反应，疫苗    

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Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex isolates from HIV-positive and HIV-negative

Min CHEN MM, Wei-Hua PAN MD, Wan-Qing LIAO MM, Xiao-Ran LI BS, Bi-Wei FENG BS, Zhe-Xue QUAN PhD, Shao-Xi WU MD, Xiao-Ping TANG MD, Zhi-Rong YAO MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 117-126 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0011-z

摘要： This study investigated the molecular types of the species complex isolates and their clinical manifestations among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative patients in southeast China in the past 15 years. The molecular types of 109 isolates from 108 patients were analyzed by the PCR fingerprinting method, sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS region), and sequences of the capsule-associated gene (). In HIV-positive patients, clinical isolates were grouped into molecular types VNI (75%, 15/20), VNII (15%, 3/20), and VNIII (10%, 2/20). In HIV-negative patients, the majority of the clinical isolates were grouped into molecular types VNI (72%, 64/89), VNII (13%, 12/89), VGI (12%, 11/89), VNIII (1%, 1/89), and VGII (1%, 1/89). In reference to the mating type of the isolates, 97% (106/109) were of the α, 2% (2/109) were of the α/- and 1% (1/109) were of theα/. As for the clinical manifestations of the molecular types among the patients, the average cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure of the patients infected by the was higher than that of the patients infected by the . These results suggest that both HIV-positive and HIV-negative cryptococcal patients in the southeast of China are mostly infected by the strains. No strains were found in HIV-positive patients.

关键词： Cryptococcus neoformans     Cryptococcus gattii     cryptococcosis     molecular epidemiology     molecular type     mating type    

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Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment

Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam, Seyed Ali Momeni

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 11-32 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7

摘要： The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.

关键词： microbiome     prostate cancer     prevention     treatment     molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE)     biomarker    

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 135-144 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0331-5

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health problem in China. The universal vaccination program since 1992 has changed the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in China from highly to moderately endemic. The most prevalent hepatitis B virus strains in China are genotypes B and C, whereas those in western provinces are genotypes D and C/D hybrid. Chronic hepatitis B poses a heavy burden to the society in China. Different treatment strategies have been explored to improve patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner. However, antiviral drugs with a low genetic barrier to resistance are still extensively used because of the generally low income and limited resources in China. Individualized antiviral therapy is closely associated with translational medicine, which utilizes information from studies on genomics, immune biomarkers, and fibrosis. The results of these studies are crucial in further improving treatment outcomes.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B     epidemiology     prevention     treatment    

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2018—2019年我国北方地区奶牛临床型乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌的分子特征 Article

宋士凯, 何文娟, 杨大伟, Manar Benmouffok, 王瑶, 李基云, 孙城涛, 宋祥彬, 马士珍, 蔡畅, 丁双阳, 吴聪明, 沈张奇, 汪洋

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第10卷 第3期   页码 146-154 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.01.015

摘要：

肺炎克雷伯菌是奶牛乳房炎的重要诱因，常引起奶牛的产奶量降低和死亡率增高。目前尚缺乏奶牛乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌分子特征的研究数据，限制了对其在食品生产链中传播风险的评估。本研究于2018—2019 年从我国北方地区患临床型乳房炎奶牛中采集了6301 份奶样，共分离到183 株肺炎克雷伯菌，两年的平均分离率分别为3.03%和2.80%。与人类临床肺炎克雷伯菌分离株相似，奶牛临床型乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌分离株可分为肺炎克雷伯菌(KpI，143 株）、准肺炎克雷伯菌（KpII-B，37 株）和变栖肺炎克雷伯菌（KpIII，3 株）三个种群。在KpI 分离株中检测到超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的编码基因blaSHV-2a、blaCTX-M-14和blaCTX-M-15，以及可能与奶牛致病性和宿主适应性有关的编码基因clpC、lpfA、lacI、lacZ、lacY和fecABDEIR。KpI 菌株比KpII-B 和KpIII 菌株表现出更高的流行率以及抗生素耐药基因和毒力基因携带率，表明它可能对奶牛的危害更大。此外，还发现奶牛KpI菌株与人医临床分离的KpI菌株在种群结构上存在明显差异，且奶牛源KpI菌株中很少见到与人类侵袭性感染相关的基因，表明奶牛源KpI菌株对人类健康的威胁较小；奶牛KpII-B 分离株与人类感染分离株具有较高的核苷酸序列一致性，且它们携带固氮基因nif的比例都很高，表明奶牛和人类KpII-B 分离株与植物源性KpII-B 菌株之间存在一定关联。

关键词： 临床型乳房炎     肺炎克雷伯菌     分子特征     种群结构     抗生素耐药性    

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Epidemiology of fungal infections in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 58-75 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0601-0

摘要：

With the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections have undergone enormous changes worldwide, including in China. In this paper, we reviewed the existing data on mycosis across China to summarize available epidemiological profiles. We found that the general incidence of superficial fungal infections in China has been stable, but the incidence of tinea capitis has decreased and the transmission route has changed. By contrast, the overall incidence of invasive fungal infections has continued to rise. The occurrence of candidemia caused by species other than and including some uncommon species has increased recently in China. Infections caused by have also propagated in recent years, particularly with the emergence of azole-resistant . An increasing trend of cryptococcosis has been noted in China, with var. ST 5 genotype isolates as the predominant pathogen. Retrospective studies have suggested that the epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia in China may be similar to those in other developing countries. Endemic fungal infections, such as sporotrichosis in Northeastern China, must arouse research, diagnostic, and treatment vigilance. Currently, the epidemiological data on mycosis in China are variable and fragmentary. Thus, a nationwide epidemiological research on fungal infections in China is an important need for improving the country’s health.

关键词： fungi     infection     epidemiology     China    

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Special issue on “Molecular Sensors and Molecular Logic Gates”

Luling Wu , Tony D. James

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2134-y

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Design of bio-oil additives via molecular signature descriptors using a multi-stage computer-aided molecular

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 168-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2056-8

摘要： Direct application of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis as a fuel has remained a challenge due to its undesirable attributes such as low heating value, high viscosity, high corrosiveness and storage instability. Solvent addition is a simple method for circumventing these disadvantages to allow further processing and storage. In this work, computer-aided molecular design tools were developed to design optimal solvents to upgrade bio-oil whilst having low environmental impact. Firstly, target solvent requirements were translated into measurable physical properties. As different property prediction models consist different levels of structural information, molecular signature descriptor was used as a common platform to formulate the design problem. Because of the differences in the required structural information of different property prediction models, signatures of different heights were needed in formulating the design problem. Due to the combinatorial nature of higher-order signatures, the complexity of a computer-aided molecular design problem increases with the height of signatures. Thus, a multi-stage framework was developed by developing consistency rules that restrict the number of higher-order signatures. Finally, phase stability analysis was conducted to evaluate the stability of the solvent-oil blend. As a result, optimal solvents that improve the solvent-oil blend properties while displaying low environmental impact were identified.

关键词： computer-aided molecular design     bio-oil additives     molecular signature descriptor    

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Progress on molecular biomarkers and classification of malignant gliomas

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 150-156 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0267-1

摘要：

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. Anaplastic gliomas (WHO grade III) and glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) represent the major groups of malignant gliomas in the brain. Several diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers for malignant gliomas have been reported over the last few decades, and these markers have made great contributions to the accuracy of diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and prognosis of patients. However, heterogeneity in patient outcomes may still be observed, which highlights the insufficiency of a classification system based purely on histopathology. Great efforts have been made to incorporate new information about the molecular landscape of gliomas into novel classifications that may potentially guide treatment. In this review, we summarize three distinctive biomarkers, three most commonly altered pathways, and three classifications based on microarray data in malignant gliomas.

关键词： malignant glioma     molecular biomarker     IDH1     MGMT     molecular classification    

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Molecular classification and molecular targeted therapy of cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 147-149 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0274-2

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分子电子学的发展 Review

Paven Thomas Mathew, 房丰洲

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第6期   页码 760-771 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.001

摘要：

分子电子学（moletronics）是用分子作为单元对分子电子学器件进行装配。这是一个包含物理、化学、材料科学及工程等学科的多学科交叉领域。分子电子学致力于使硅元件尺寸进一步减小。科学家已经在等效分子器件方面进行了诸多探索性研究。分子电子学在电子以及光子应用中逐渐产生影响，如导电聚合物、光色材料、有机超导体、电致变色材料等。为了满足减小硅片尺寸的需求，研究人员有必要将这种新型技术引入到分子层面。虽然分子层面仪器的实验验证和建模分析是一项艰巨的任务，但分子电子学领域依然出现了突破性进展。本文将对不同分子器件和潜在的适用于不同器件的分子应用结合起来进行讨论，如分子晶体管、分子二极管、分子电容、分子导线和分子绝缘体等。本文简要讨论未来的发展趋势以及介绍各种基于石墨烯已取得一定研究成果的分子仪器。

关键词： 分子电子学     分子晶体管     分子二极管     分子电容器     分子导线     石墨烯    

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Molecular size characterization of heavy oil fractions in vacuum and solution by molecular dynamic simulation

Wenpo REN, Honggang CHEN, Chaohe YANG, Honghong SHAN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 250-256 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0281-7

摘要： Two kinds of heavy oils were fractionated into eight fractions by Liquid-Solid Adsorption Chromatography, respectively, and samples were collected to measure properties. According to the elemental analysis, molecular weight and H-NMR data, average molecular structures of polycyclic aromatic and heavy resin were constructed with improved Brown-Ladner (B-L) method and several corrections. And then, the most stable conformations of polycyclic aromatic and heavy resin in vacuum and toluene solution were obtained by molecular dynamic simulation, and the molecular size was gotten via the radius of gyration analysis. The results showed that the radius of gyration of polycyclic aromatic and heavy resin was 0.55–0.70 nm in vacuum and 0.60–0.90 nm in toluene solution. With molecular weight increasing, the molecular size in vacuum and toluene solution also increased. Due to the swelling behavior of solvent, the alkyl side chains of heavy oil molecule in solution were more stretched. Thus, the molecular size in toluene solution was larger than that in vacuum.

关键词： dynamic simulation     molecular dynamic     behavior     molecule     Adsorption Chromatography    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China: the implication of molecular epidemiology

null

期刊论文

The epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in China: disease burden and distribution of genotypes

Honglu Zhou, Songmei Wang, Lorenz von Seidlein, Xuanyi Wang

期刊论文

Improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer: insights from epidemiology, genomic alterations, and therapeutic

期刊论文

新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述

Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg

期刊论文

Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex isolates from HIV-positive and HIV-negative

Min CHEN MM, Wei-Hua PAN MD, Wan-Qing LIAO MM, Xiao-Ran LI BS, Bi-Wei FENG BS, Zhe-Xue QUAN PhD, Shao-Xi WU MD, Xiao-Ping TANG MD, Zhi-Rong YAO MD,

期刊论文

Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment

Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam, Seyed Ali Momeni

期刊论文

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

null

期刊论文

2018—2019年我国北方地区奶牛临床型乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌的分子特征

宋士凯, 何文娟, 杨大伟, Manar Benmouffok, 王瑶, 李基云, 孙城涛, 宋祥彬, 马士珍, 蔡畅, 丁双阳, 吴聪明, 沈张奇, 汪洋

期刊论文

Epidemiology of fungal infections in China

null

期刊论文

Special issue on “Molecular Sensors and Molecular Logic Gates”

Luling Wu , Tony D. James

期刊论文

Design of bio-oil additives via molecular signature descriptors using a multi-stage computer-aided molecular

期刊论文

Progress on molecular biomarkers and classification of malignant gliomas

null

期刊论文

Molecular classification and molecular targeted therapy of cancer

null

期刊论文

分子电子学的发展

Paven Thomas Mathew, 房丰洲

期刊论文

Molecular size characterization of heavy oil fractions in vacuum and solution by molecular dynamic simulation

Wenpo REN, Honggang CHEN, Chaohe YANG, Honghong SHAN,

期刊论文